Introduction: When we use solar products, we always have a variety of questions. How does a solar garden light convert solar energy into electricity? How does solar panel save electricity to the battery? How does it automatically shine when there is no light? This is because there is autonomous controller!

    The charge and discharge controller is a device with an overcharge and overdischarge of an energy storage battery pack that automatically prevents the solar photovoltaic power supply system, and is one of the core components of the photovoltaic power generation system. When the household solar photovoltaic power system is used, it is generally in the daytime power generation, and the working condition of the night power supply depends on the battery to store and regulate the electric energy. Ideally, we hope that the solar cell array will maximize the power and charge the battery every day during the day, and at night it can be fully utilized (including system losses) to achieve a complete balance of charge and discharge. The system also achieves maximum utilization efficiency. However, in actual use, due to various factors such as climatic conditions and use conditions, the above-mentioned rational situation cannot be realized. Therefore, there must be a controller in the household solar photovoltaic power supply system to control the battery charge condition. Monitor and control the charge and discharge process to achieve a balance between power and power supply. The most important thing is to achieve the balance of charge and discharge of the battery under certain allowable working conditions.

    Household solar photovoltaic power systems have relatively small power, and the cost control requirements are generally not too complicated to design, but a properly designed controller should have basic status indication and control functions for charging and discharging the battery, and should also have Appropriate control parameters, necessary protection functions, as little self-consumption as possible, and if necessary, temperature compensation for the battery. The basic function of the controller for the solar photovoltaic power system should be its display function.

    The controller should be able to indicate the current operating conditions of the system, such as charging, normal, over-discharge, over-charge, and so on. Many domestic solar photovoltaic power systems in the early days of China did not have a dedicated controller, but were also equipped with a dial marked with a black zone (representing overdischarge), a green zone (representing a normal voltage), and a red zone (representing overcharge). The table indicates the state of charge of the battery, and the user seeks to balance by artificially adjusting the time of charging and powering according to the state of its display.

    According to the requirements of current technical standards, the charging control of photovoltaic systems above 10Wp has been completed by electronic circuits, and the display is also replaced by LEDs or LCD screens. However, many companies also keep pointer voltmeters on some models. The ammeter is designed to meet the habit requirements of some households. The main function of the controller is to distribute the output voltage and current, which can play an important role in managing the energy of the volt system, protecting the battery and the normal operation of the entire photovoltaic system.

    The most important role of the controller is to prevent overcharging and overdischarging of the battery. Since the investment in the battery accounts for a large proportion of the system cost, the overcharging and over-discharging of the battery will greatly shorten the service life of the battery. In order to maximize the service life of the battery and ensure that the photovoltaic power generation system can work reliably for a long time, it is necessary to control the charge and discharge of the battery. As the capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system increases, the designer and the user have reasonable operation and operation modes of the system. The requirements for sex are getting higher and higher, and the security of the system is more prominent and important.

    Therefore, in recent years, designers have given the controller more protection and monitoring functions, enabling the early battery charging controller to develop into today's more complex system controllers. In addition, the controller has also been greatly developed and improved in terms of control principles and components used. At present, advanced system controllers have used microprocessors to implement software programming and intelligent control. The controller can be a stand-alone device, or it can be made into an integrated machine with the inverter.

    Nuusolar provides wholesale and retail of solar lighting products. Please call +86 18926005388 if you are interested. For more information on solar energy, please see:
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